Zend Certified Engineer ZCE PHP Basics Mock Test

Questions

1. Choose the selection that best matches the following statements:
      PHP is a _____ scripting language based on the ____ engine. It is primarily used to
      develop dynamic _____ content, although it can be used to generate ____ documents
      (among others) as well.

      A.   Dynamic, PHP, Database, HTML
      B.   Embedded, Zend, HTML, XML
      C.   Perl-based, PHP, Web, Static
      D.   Embedded, Zend, Docbook, MySQL
      E.   Zend-based, PHP, Image, HTML



2. Which of the following tags is not a valid way to begin and end a PHP code block?

      A.   <% %>
      B.   <? ?>
      C.   <?= ?>
      D.   <! !>
      E.   <?php ?>



3. Which of the following is not valid PHP code?

      A.   $_10
      B.   ${“MyVar”}
      C.   &$something
      D.   $10_somethings
      E.   $aVaR




4. What is displayed when the following script is executed?

                <?php
                    define(myvalue, "10");
                    $myarray[10] = "Dog";
                    $myarray[] = "Human";                                                                                         
                    $myarray['myvalue'] = "Cat";
                    $myarray["Dog"] = "Cat";
                    print "The value is: ";
                    print $myarray[myvalue]."\n";
               ?>

     A.    The value is: Dog
     B.    The value is: Cat
     C.    The value is: Human
     D.    The value is: 10
     E.    Dog



5. What is the difference between print() and echo()?

     A.    print() can be used as part of an expression, while echo() can’t
     B.    echo() can be used as part of an expression, while print() can’t
     C.    echo() can be used in the CLI version of PHP, while print() can’t
     D.    print() can be used in the CLI version of PHP, while echo() can’t
     E.    There’s no difference: both functions print out some text!



6. What is the output of the following script?

               <?php
                       $a  =  10;
                       $b  =  20;
                       $c  =  4;
                       $d  =  8;
                       $e  =  1.0;
                       $f  =  $c  + $d * 2;
                       $g  =  $f  % 20;
                       $h  =  $b  - $a + $c + 2;
                       $i  =  $h  << $c;
                       $j  =  $i  * $e;
                       print $j;
               ?>

     A.    128
     B.    42
     C.    242.0
     D.    256
     E.    342



                                                                                             
7. Which values should be assigned to the variables $a, $b and $c in order for the following
   script to display the string Hello, World!?

                <?php
                          $string = "Hello, World!";
                          $a = ?;
                          $b = ?;
                          $c = ?;
                          if($a) {
                                  if($b && !$c) {
                                          echo "Goodbye Cruel World!";
                                  } else if(!$b && !$c) {
                                          echo "Nothing here";
                                  }
                          } else {
                                  if(!$b) {
                                          if(!$a && (!$b && $c)) {
                                              echo "Hello, World!";
                                          } else {
                                              echo "Goodbye World!";
                                          }
                                  } else {
                                          echo "Not quite.";
                                  }
                          }
                ?>

       A.   False, True, False
       B.   True, True, False
       C.   False, True, True
       D.   False, False, True
       E.   True, True, True



8. What will the following script output?

                <?php
                $array = '0123456789ABCDEFG';
                $s = '';
                for ($i = 1; $i < 50; $i++) {
                          $s .= $array[rand(0,strlen ($array) - 1)];
                }
                echo $s;
                ?>
                                                                                         
        A. A string of 50 random characters
        B. A string of 49 copies of the same character, because the random number generator
            has not been initialized
        C. A string of 49 random characters
        D. Nothing, because $array is not an array
        E. A string of 49 ‘G’ characters



9. Which language construct can best represent the following series of if conditionals?

                 <?php
                          if($a == 'a') {
                                  somefunction();
                          } else if ($a == 'b') {
                                  anotherfunction();
                          } else if ($a == 'c') {
                                  dosomething();
                          } else {
                                  donothing();
                          }
                 ?>

        A.  A switch statement without a default case
        B.  A recursive function call
        C.  A while statement
        D.  It is the only representation of this logic
        E.  A switch statement using a default case



10. What is the best way to iterate through the $myarray array, assuming you want to modify the
    value of each element as you do?

                 <?php
                    $myarray = array ("My String",
                                        "Another String",
                                        "Hi, Mom!");
                 ?>

        A.  Using a for loop
        B.  Using a foreach loop
        C.  Using a while loop
        D.  Using a do…while loop
        E.  There is no way to accomplish this goal


                                                                                         
11. Consider the following segment of code:

                  <?php
                          define("STOP_AT", 1024);
                          $result = array();
                          /* Missing code */
                          {
                                   $result[] = $idx;
                          }
                          print_r($result);
                  ?>

    What should go in the marked segment to produce the following array output?
                  Array
                  {
                     [0] => 1
                     [1] => 2
                     [2] => 4
                     [3] => 8
                     [4] => 16
                     [5] => 32
                     [6] => 64
                     [7] => 128
                     [8] => 256
                     [9] => 512
                  }

         A.   foreach($result as $key => $val)
         B.   while($idx *= 2)
         C.   for($idx = 1; $idx < STOP_AT; $idx *= 2)
         D.   for($idx *= 2; STOP_AT >= $idx; $idx = 0)
         E.   while($idx < STOP_AT) do $idx *= 2



12. Choose the appropriate function declaration for the user-defined function is_leap(). Assume
    that, if not otherwise defined, the is_leap function uses the year 2000 as a default value:

                  <?php
                  /* Function declaration here */
                  {
                     $is_leap = (!($year %4) && (($year % 100) ||
                                 !($year % 400)));
                                                                                           
                   return $is_leap;
                }
                var_dump(is_leap(1987));         /* Displays false */
                var_dump(is_leap());             /* Displays true */
                ?>

        A.  function is_leap($year = 2000)
        B.  is_leap($year default 2000)
        C.  function is_leap($year default 2000)
        D.  function is_leap($year)
        E.  function is_leap(2000 = $year)



13. What is the value displayed when the following is executed? Assume that the code was
    executed using the following URL:
        testscript.php?c=25

                <?php
                         function process($c, $d = 25)
                         {
                                 global $e;
                                 $retval = $c + $d - $_GET['c'] - $e;
                                 return $retval;
                         }
                         $e = 10;
                         echo process(5);
                ?>

        A.  25
        B.  -5
        C.  10
        D.  5
        E.  0



14. Consider the following script:

                <?php
                         function myfunction($a, $b = true)
                         {
                                 if($a && !$b) {
                                         echo "Hello, World!\n";
                                 }
                                                                             
                         }
                         $s = array(0 => "my",
                                      1 => "call",
                                      2 => '$function',
                                      3 => ' ',
                                      4 => "function",
                                      5 => '$a',
                                      6 => '$b',
                                      7 => 'a',
                                      8 => 'b',
                                      9 => '');
                         $a = true;
                         $b = false;
                         /* Group A */
                         $name = $s[?].$s[?].$s[?].$s[?].$s[?].$s[?];
                         /* Group B */
                         $name(${$s[?]}, ${$s[?]});
                 ?>
    Each ? in the above script represents an integer index against the $s array. In order to
    display the Hello, World! string when executed, what must the missing integer indexes be?

        A.  Group A: 4,3,0,4,9,9 Group B: 7,8
        B.  Group A: 1,3,0,4,9,9 Group B: 7,6
        C.  Group A: 1,3,2,3,0,4 Group B: 5,8
        D.  Group A: 0,4,9,9,9,9 Group B: 7,8
        E.  Group A: 4,3,0,4,9,9 Group B: 7,8



15. Run-time inclusion of a PHP script is performed using the ________ construct, while
    compile-time inclusion of PHP scripts is performed using the _______ construct.

        A.  include_once, include
        B.  require, include
        C.  require_once, include
        D.  include, require
        E.  All of the above are correct



                                                                                       
16. Under what circumstance is it impossible to assign a default value to a parameter while
    declaring a function?

        A.  When the parameter is Boolean
        B.  When the function is being declared as a member of a class
        C.  When the parameter is being declared as passed by reference
        D.  When the function contains only one parameter
        E.  Never



17. The ____ operator returns True if either of its operands can be evaluated as True, but not both.
        Your Answer: ____________________________



18. How does the identity operator === compare two values?

        A. It converts them to a common compatible data type and then compares the resulting
            values
        B. It returns True only if they are both of the same type and value
        C. If the two values are strings, it performs a lexical comparison
        D. It bases its comparison on the C strcmp function exclusively
        E. It converts both values to strings and compares them



19. Which of the following expressions multiply the value of the integer variable $a by 4?
    (Choose 2)

        A.  $a *= pow (2, 2);
        B.  $a >>= 2;
        C.  $a <<= 2;
        D.  $a += $a + $a;
        E.  None of the above



20. How can a script come to a clean termination?

        A.  When exit() is called
        B.  When the execution reaches the end of the current file
        C.  When PHP crashes
        D.  When Apache terminates because of a system problem


For answers to above ZCE questions click here
http://www.php-geeks-wink.blogspot.in/search/label/zce-zend-certified-engineer-php-basic-mock-test-answers

Zend Certified Engineer ZCE PHP Basics Mock Test Answers

For Complete blog visit Zend Certified Engineer ZCE PHP Basics Mock Test

Answers for the above mentioned blog are



1. Looking at the answers, the only one that makes sense for every blank is B. PHP is a
   scripting language based on the Zend Engine that is usually embedded in HTML code. As
   such, it is primarily used to develop HTML documents, although it can be used just as nicely
   to develop other types of documents, such as XML.



2. While tags such as <% %> and <?= ?> are often forgotten in PHP programming, they are valid
   ways to delimit a PHP code block. The <! and !> tags, however, are not valid and, therefore,
   the correct answer is D. Keep in mind, in any case, that some of these tags are not always
   available, depending on how the php.ini file on which the PHP interpreter runs is configured.



3. PHP variables always start with a dollar sign and are a sequence of characters and numbers
   within the Latin alphabet, plus the underscore character. ${"MyVar"} is a valid variable name
   that simply uses a slightly less common naming convention, while &$something is a reference
   to the $something variable. Variables, however cannot start with numbers, making
   $10_somethings invalid and Answer D correct.



4. The important thing to note here is that the $myarray array’s key value is being referenced
   without quotes around it. Because of this, the key being accessed is not the myvalue string but
   the value represented by the myvalue constant. Hence, it is equivalent to accessing
   $myarray[10], which is Dog, and Answer A is correct.



5. Even though print() and echo() are essentially interchangeable most of the time, there is a
   substantial difference between them. While print() behaves like a function with its own
   return value (although it is a language construct), echo() is actually a language construct that
   has no return value and cannot, therefore, be used in an expression. Thus, Answer A is
   correct.



6. Other than the simple math, the % operator is a modulus, which returns whatever the
   remainder would be if its two operands were divided. The << operator is a left-shift operator,
   which effectively multiplies an integer number by powers of two. Finally, the ultimate
   answer is multiplied by a floating point and, therefore, its type changes accordingly.
   However, the result is still printed out without any fractional part, since the latter is nil. The
   final output is 256 (Answer D).



7. Following the logic of the conditions, the only way to get to the Hello, World! string is in the
   else condition of the first if statement. Thus, $a must be False. Likewise, $b must be False.
   The final conditional relies on both previous conditions ($a and $b) being False, but insists
   that $c be True (Answer D).



8. The correct answer is C. As of PHP 4.2.0, there is no need to initialize the random number
   generator using srand() unless a specific sequence of pseudorandom numbers is sought.
    Besides, even if the random number generator had not been seeded, the script would have
    still outputted 49 pseudo-random characters—the same ones every time. The $array variable,
    though a string, can be accessed as an array, in which case the individual characters
    corresponding to the numeric index used will be returned. Finally, the for loop starts from 1
    and continues until $i is less than 50—for a total of 49 times.



9. A series of if…else if code blocks checking for a single condition as above is a perfect place
    to use a switch statement:
         <?php
                  switch($a) {
                          case 'a':
                                   somefunction();
                                   break;
                          case 'b':
                                   anotherfunction();
                                   break;
                          case 'c':
                                   dosomething();
                                   break;
                          default:
                                   donothing();
                  }
         ?>
    Because there is a catch-all else condition, a default case must also be provided for that
    situation. Answer E is correct.



10. Normally, the foreach statement is the most appropriate construct for iterating through an
    array. However, because we are being asked to modify each element in the array, this option
    is not available, since foreach works on a copy of the array and would therefore result in
    added overhead. Although a while loop or a do…while loop might work, because the array is
    sequentially indexed a for statement is best suited for the task, making Answer A correct:
         <?php
            $myarray = array ("My String", "Another String", "Hi, Mom!");
            for($i = 0; $i < count($myarray); $i++)
            {
              $myarray[$i] .= " ($i)";
            }
         ?>



11. As it is only possible to add a single line of code to the segment provided, the only statement
    that makes sense is a for loop, making the choice either C or D. In order to select the for
    loop that actually produces the correct result, we must first of all revisit its structural
    elements. In PHP, for loops are declared as follows:
        for (<init statement>; <continue until statement>;
              <iteration statement>)
    where the <init statement> is executed prior to entering the loop. The for loop then begins
    executing the code within its code block until the <continue until> statement evaluates to
    False. Every time an iteration of the loop is completed, the <iteration statement> is executed.
    Applying this to our code segment, the correct for statement is:
        for ($idx = 1; $idx < STOP_AT; $idx *= 2)
    or answer C.



12. Of the five options, only two are valid PHP function declarations (A and D). Of these two
    declarations, only one will provide a default parameter if none is passed—Answer A.



13. This question is designed to test your knowledge of how PHP scopes variables when dealing
    with functions. Specifically, you must understand how the global statement works to bring
    global variables into the local scope, and the scope-less nature of superglobal arrays such as
    $_GET, $_POST, $_COOKIE, $_REQUEST and others. In this case, the math works out to 5 + 25   - 25 –
    10, which is -5, or answer B.



14. Functions can be called dynamically by appending parentheses (as well as any parameter
    needed) to a variable containing the name of the function to call. Thus, for Group A the
    appropriate index combination is 0, 4, 9, 9, 9, 9, which evaluates to the string myfunction. The
    parameters, on the other hand, are evaluated as variables dynamically using the ${} construct.
    This means the appropriate indexes for group B are 7 and 8, which evaluate to ${'a'} and
    ${'b'}—meaning the variables $a and $b respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is D.



15. In recent versions of PHP, the only difference between require() (or require_once()) and
    include() (or include_once()) is in the fact that, while the former will only throw a warning
    and allow the script to continue its execution if the include file is not found, the latter will
    throw an error and halt the script. Therefore, Answer E is correct.



16. When a parameter is declared as being passed by reference you cannot specify a default
    value for it, since the interpreter will expect a variable that can be modified from within the
    function itself. Therefore, Answer C is correct.



17. The right answer here is the exclusive-or (xor) operator.



18. The identity operator works by first comparing the type of both its operands, and then their
    values. If either differ, it returns False—therefore, Answer B is correct.



19. The correct answers are A and C. In Answer A, the pow function is used to calculate 22,
    which corresponds to 4. In Answer C, the left bitwise shift operator is used to shift the value
    of $a by two bits to the left, which corresponds to a multiplication by 4.



20. The only answer that really fits the bill is A. A script doesn’t necessarily terminate when it
    reaches the end of any file other than the main one—so the “current” file could be externally
    included and not cause the script to terminate at its end. As far as PHP and Apache crashes,
    they can hardly be considered “clean” ways to terminate a script.

Fun with PHP - Interpret it

Lets have some fun with php

Whats do you interpret through the code below?

<?php
function a_bar($customer)
{
  echo "<p>The bartender says, \"";
  if(is_numeric($customer))
  {
    echo "What can I get you?\"</p>\n";
  }
  else
  {
    echo "Sorry, we don't cater to your type.\"</p>\n";
  }
}
$a_man = array("A man");
array_walk($a_man, 'a_bar');
?>

Default execution time?

What is the default execution time of a php script after which it gives fatal error?

Solution: it is 30s.


Next bullet fired--> How can you change it?

Solution: It can be configured via max_execution_time value defined in the php.ini
or
through set_time_limit(sec) function of php.

Long running queries in mysql

How would you cross check long running queries in mysql?


Solution: Two ways to do it...

1. Start mysqld with the --log-slow-queries[=file_name]

2. In my.cnf write
   log-slow-queries=file_name
 

Next question is what is the unit of time that we consider as threshold for measuring long running queries?
Answer is seconds and its default value is 10s

Its value can optionally be changed as
long_query_time=1

Girlfriend's Name?

Read the following piece of code


<form action="welcome.php" method="post">
             Your Name <input type="text" name="fname"/>
             Your Girl Friend Name: <input type="text" name="fname" />
             <input type="submit"/>
</form>




The php code of the welcome.php file is as follows:

Welcome <?php echo $_POST['fname'];?> and <?php echo $_POST['fname'];?>!




What will be the output if you give your name as Jim and your girlfriend's name as Nancy?
a) Welcome Jim and Nancy!
b) Welcome Jim and Jim!
c) Welcome Nancy and Jim!
d) Welcome Nancy and Nancy!



Solution is d) Welcome Nancy and Nancy!
surprising! isn't it, after having your girlfriend's name, php ignored you...:D

PHP class as Database Wrapper

1. Design and code a PHP class that will act as wrapper to access database. Consider Security, Scalability, Maintenance etc while designing.

2. Use the class designed above to store, update and show the status message of a person on its wall at facebook.

Hotel Room Reservation System

This assignment is to develop a hotel room reservation system. We have 3 types of room(each with different pricing per day). Pricing per day will be appicable as per standard check-in/check-out time(which is 12pm) .

Below are the room types and per day prices

1. Single -            INR 1500
2. Double -          INR 2200
3. Luxury -          INR 3500

There are 100 rooms in hotel which are distributed as 50 single, 25 double and 25 luxury rooms.


You need to perform the following tasks:

1. Design a database for the reservation management(illustrate by a database/ER diagram).

2. Create a function using php to get all free rooms.
    Input : Check-in Date, No. of Days for stay
    Output : Available rooms, Price for entire stay.


3. Create a function to make reservation
    Input : Check-in Date, No of Days for stay
    Output : True/False - based on whether reservation was successfully made or not.

Mysql Sorting Order?

In What order will the output be sorted?

SELECT * FROM TABLE1 ORDER BY ID, NAME DESC;

a) sort descending on NAME then descending on ID
b) sort ascending on ID then descending on NAME
c) sort descending on NAME then ascending on ID
d) sort descending on ID and descending on NAME


Solution: b)